Сочинение про пингвина на английском план: 1 где живёт 2 как он выглядит 3 что он ест 4 почему он считается вымерающим

Penguins are birds that live mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, and I always picture them on the snowy coasts of Antarctica. Some species also live on sub-Antarctic islands, the tip of South America, southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. They stay near cold ocean currents because they spend a lot of time in the water hunting and because their bodies are adapted to low temperatures.

A penguin’s body is shaped like a torpedo: short neck, thick torso, and strong, paddle-like wings that work as flippers. They have dense, waterproof feathers and a thick layer of fat to keep warm. Most species are black on the back and white on the belly, a pattern called countershading that helps them hide from predators in the water. Their walk on land looks clumsy, but they are graceful swimmers and can “toboggan” on their bellies across ice to save energy.

Penguins eat mainly marine life: small fish, krill, and squid. The exact diet depends on the species and where they live. Their sharp, backward-pointing tongue helps grip slippery prey, and they can dive to impressive depths to find food.

Many penguin species are considered threatened or endangered because of several pressures. Climate change is melting sea ice and shifting ocean currents, which reduces access to breeding sites and the krill and fish they depend on. Industrial fishing competes for the same food and can also lead to accidental bycatch. Oil spills, plastic pollution, and disturbance at nesting colonies add more stress. Protecting their feeding grounds, limiting overfishing, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions are key steps to help penguins survive.