Where is Wales located? What is the capital of Wales? Where is Scotland located? What ports and industrial towns in Great Britain do you know? What is the weather like in England? What is "smog"? Who conquered England in the 11th century? Where did the conquerors come from? When was the conquest of England complete? What did the Norman Conquest do to England? How many languages were there in England after the Norman Conquest? When did English become the language of law? How did the English language change after the Conquest?

Wales is located in the west of Great Britain. Its capital is Cardiff.

Scotland is located in the north of Great Britain. Its capital is Edinburgh.

Some important ports and industrial towns in Great Britain are London, Liverpool, Bristol, Southampton, Glasgow, Manchester, Birmingham, Sheffield, Leeds, and Newcastle.

The weather in England is often changeable: it can be rainy, cloudy, windy and mild. Winters are usually not very cold, and summers are usually not very hot.

Smog is dirty fog mixed with smoke and harmful gases from factories, cars and houses.

England was conquered in the 11th century by the Normans. They came from Normandy, a region in northern France. The conquest began in 1066 after the Battle of Hastings and was completed over the following years when Norman rule was established across England.

The Norman Conquest changed England greatly: the Normans brought a new ruling class, new castles, changes in law and government, and many French words.

After the Norman Conquest there were mainly three languages in England: English was spoken by common people, Norman French by the nobles, and Latin was used in the Church and official writing.

English became the language of law in the 14th century, especially after a law of 1362 allowed court cases to be conducted in English.

The English language changed because many French words entered it. These words were often connected with government, law, war, food, art and noble life. Over time Old English developed into Middle English.

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