Repoted speech даю 170

Reported speech — это косвенная речь, то есть передача чужих слов не дословно, а своими словами.

Например:

Прямая речь:
Tom said: “I am tired.”

Косвенная речь:
Tom said that he was tired.
Том сказал, что он устал.

Главное правило: когда глагол автора стоит в прошедшем времени (said, told, asked), время в придаточном предложении обычно «сдвигается» на одно назад.

Примеры:

She said: “I like music.”
She said that she liked music.

He said: “I am reading a book.”
He said that he was reading a book.

They said: “We have finished the work.”
They said that they had finished the work.

Anna said: “I went to school yesterday.”
Anna said that she had gone to school the day before.

Mike said: “I will call you.”
Mike said that he would call me.

Также меняются местоимения и слова, связанные со временем и местом:

Например:

She said: “I will see you tomorrow.”
She said that she would see me the next day.

He said: “I was here yesterday.”
He said that he had been there the day before.

Для обычных утверждений чаще всего используется конструкция:

said + that + предложение

Mary said that she was happy.

После told обязательно указывается тот, кому сказали:

Mary told me that she was happy.

Нельзя: Mary told that she was happy.
Правильно: Mary told me that she was happy.

Вопросы в косвенной речи строятся без обратного порядка слов и без вопросительного знака.

Прямой общий вопрос:
He asked: “Do you like coffee?”

Косвенная речь:
He asked if I liked coffee.
или
He asked whether I liked coffee.

Прямой специальный вопрос:
She asked: “Where do you live?”

Косвенная речь:
She asked where I lived.

После вопросительных слов where, when, why, who, how используется обычный порядок слов:

Неправильно: She asked where did I live.
Правильно: She asked where I lived.

Приказы и просьбы передаются через tell/ask + object + to + verb.

The teacher said: “Open your books.”
The teacher told the students to open their books.

Mother said: “Don’t be late.”
Mother told me not to be late.

He said: “Please help me.”
He asked me to help him.

Если сообщение остается актуальным или глагол автора стоит в настоящем времени, сдвиг времени может не происходить:

He says: “I live in London.”
He says that he lives in London.

Также время обычно не меняется, если говорится о факте или общеизвестной истине:

The teacher said: “The Earth goes around the Sun.”
The teacher said that the Earth goes around the Sun.