Ответить на вопросы: 1. What are the two main branches of agriculture?
2. What animals are called “livestock”?
3. What are the branches of animal husbandry?
4. Why are ruminant animals valuable for animal husbandry?
5. Why is poultry farming an important branch of agriculture?
6. What herbivorous animals do you know?
7. What benefits do livestock and poultry provide for man?
8. What does physiology study?
9. What are the branches of physiology?
10. What stimulated the development of animal physiology?
11. What universal processes does general physiology investigate?

What are the two main branches of agriculture?
Agriculture is primarily divided into two main branches: crop production (or agronomy) and animal husbandry. Crop production focuses on cultivating plants for food, fiber, fuel, and other purposes, while animal husbandry deals with the breeding, care, and management of animals for various human needs, such as meat, milk, wool, and labor.

What animals are called “livestock”?
Livestock refers to domesticated animals raised in agricultural settings for economic purposes, including meat, milk, eggs, fiber, and labor. Examples of livestock include cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, and sometimes poultry like chickens and ducks.

What are the branches of animal husbandry?
Animal husbandry can be divided into several branches, including:

• Dairy farming: Rearing animals like cows and goats for milk production.
• Poultry farming: Raising chickens, ducks, turkeys, and other birds for meat and eggs.
• Sheep and goat farming: Rearing these animals for wool, meat, and milk.
• Pig farming: Breeding pigs for pork production.
• Equine management: Care and breeding of horses for labor, sport, or leisure.
• Aquaculture: Raising aquatic animals like fish and shellfish.
• Beekeeping: Maintaining bees for honey and pollination.

Why are ruminant animals valuable for animal husbandry?
Ruminant animals, such as cows, goats, and sheep, are valuable because they can convert low-quality plant materials like grass into high-quality protein (meat and milk). Their unique digestive systems, including a rumen for fermenting plant material, make them efficient at utilizing resources that are inedible to humans. They also provide other resources, such as wool and leather.

Why is poultry farming an important branch of agriculture?
Poultry farming is significant because it provides affordable, high-quality protein through meat and eggs. Poultry also requires less space, grows quickly, and has a high feed-to-product conversion rate compared to larger livestock, making it an efficient and accessible source of nutrition for growing populations.

What herbivorous animals do you know?
Herbivorous animals are those that feed primarily on plant material. Examples include cows, sheep, goats, horses, rabbits, deer, elephants, and giraffes.

What benefits do livestock and poultry provide for man?
Livestock and poultry offer numerous benefits:

• Food: Meat, milk, eggs, and other animal products.
• Clothing and materials: Wool, leather, silk, and feathers.
• Labor: Draft animals like oxen and horses.
• Fertilizers: Manure is a natural source of nutrients for crops.
• Economic gain: Livestock farming generates income through product sales.
• Cultural and recreational value: Animals are part of traditions and sports in many societies.

What does physiology study?
Physiology is the scientific study of how living organisms function. It explores the physical and chemical processes that occur within cells, tissues, and organs to sustain life.

What are the branches of physiology?
The branches of physiology include:

• Cell physiology: Study of cell functions and interactions.
• Systemic physiology: Examination of specific organ systems (e.g., cardiovascular or nervous systems).
• Comparative physiology: Study of differences and similarities in physiological processes across species.
• Environmental physiology: How organisms adapt to their environment.
• Developmental physiology: Changes in physiological processes during growth and development.

What stimulated the development of animal physiology?
The development of animal physiology was driven by the need to improve livestock production and health. Advances in veterinary medicine, nutrition, genetics, and the study of animal behavior have also contributed significantly. Scientific curiosity about the mechanisms of life and technological progress, such as microscopy, played crucial roles.

What universal processes does general physiology investigate?
General physiology examines fundamental processes common to all living organisms, such as:

• Respiration: How cells obtain and use oxygen.
• Circulation: Movement of fluids (e.g., blood in animals).
• Digestion: Conversion of food into energy.
• Excretion: Elimination of waste products.
• Reproduction: Mechanisms of producing offspring.
• Homeostasis: Maintenance of stable internal conditions.
  These processes form the basis for understanding life and its interactions with the environment.