1. Why is Aristotle called the 'father of science'? 2. What name did Theophrastus earn for himself? 3. Why were more detailed observations possible during the Renaissance? 4. What did John Ray publish and when? 5. What happened to the original names of organisms after the Linnaean system was introduced?

Aristotle is called the “father of science” because he was one of the first thinkers to study nature systematically through careful observation, classification, and logical reasoning. He described and grouped many animals according to their characteristics.

Theophrastus earned the name “father of botany.” He studied, described, and classified a large number of plants and wrote important works about plant life.

More detailed observations became possible during the Renaissance because scientific instruments improved, especially the invention and development of the microscope. Printing also helped scientists share observations and discoveries more widely.

John Ray published Historia Plantarum (“History of Plants”) beginning in 1686. In this work he described and classified thousands of plants and helped develop the modern idea of a species.

After the Linnaean system was introduced, the older long and inconsistent names of organisms were replaced by standardized two-word scientific names. Each organism was given a genus name and a species name, making identification and communication between scientists much clearer.