X. Read and translate the following text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. England has existed as a unified entity since the 10th century. The union between England and Wales was enacted under the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284. In the Act of Union of 1707, England and Scotland agreed to permanent union as Great Britain; the legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland was implemented in 1801, with the adoption of the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, but in 1921, the Anglo-Irish treaty formalized a partition of Ireland, although six northern Irish counties remained part of the United Kingdom and became known as Northern Ireland and the current name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It was adopted in 1927. Great Britain was the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th century. It played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth’s surface. The United Kingdom is one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding member of NATO, and of the Commonwealth, a member of the EU, but still remains outside the European Monetary Union. In 1999 the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly of Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established. And it is a significant issue in the UK. The United Kingdom is located in Western Europe, on the British Isles, including the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland, between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. The total territory is 244,820 sq km. It has a border with Ireland. Its climate is temperate, moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current. The landscape of the UK is mostly rugged hills and low mountains. Nowadays the United Kingdom lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes, only 35 km from France and linked by tunnel under the English Channel.

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