1. Write using Past Passive of the verbs in brackets.
1. The first clock ... (invent) by Christian Huygens.
2. The first telegraph ... (invent) by Edison.
3. The helicopter ... (invent) by Ihor Sikorsky in 1939.
4. Penicillin ... (discover) by Alexander Fleming.
5. The dishwasher ... (to design) by Mrs. W. A. Cockran.
6. The first plastic ... (make) in 1855 in England.
2. Change Passive Voice into Active Voice.
3. Make questions to the sentences.

1. Write using Past Passive of the verbs in brackets.

Задание: Раскройте скобки, используя Past Simple Passive (прошедшее время в страдательном залоге).

Правило: Past Simple Passive образуется по формуле:

was / were + V3 (третья форма глагола).

1. The first clock was invented by Christian Huygens.

2. The first telegraph was invented by Edison.

3. The helicopter was invented by Ihor Sikorsky in 1939.

4. Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming.

5. The dishwasher was designed by Mrs. W. A. Cockran.

6. The first plastic was made in 1855 in England.

Все предложения содержат was, поскольку подлежащее в каждом из них стоит в единственном числе.

2. Change Passive Voice into Active Voice.

Задание: Переделайте предложения из страдательного залога (Passive Voice) в действительный залог (Active Voice).

Правило: В Active Voice действующее лицо становится подлежащим, а глагол используется в Past Simple (V2).

1. Christian Huygens invented the first clock.

2. Edison invented the first telegraph.

3. Ihor Sikorsky invented the helicopter in 1939.

4. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.

5. Mrs. W. A. Cockran designed the dishwasher.

6. People made the first plastic in 1855 in England.

В шестом предложении использовано слово people (люди), поскольку в исходном предложении не указано, кто именно изготовил пластик.

3. Make questions to the sentences.

Задание: Составьте вопросы к предложениям. Для каждого предложения приведены два вопроса: общий (General Question) и специальный (Special Question).

1. The first clock was invented by Christian Huygens.

• General: Was the first clock invented by Christian Huygens?

• Special: Who invented the first clock?

2. The first telegraph was invented by Edison.

• General: Was the first telegraph invented by Edison?

• Special: Who invented the first telegraph?

3. The helicopter was invented by Ihor Sikorsky in 1939.

• General: Was the helicopter invented by Ihor Sikorsky in 1939?

• Special: When was the helicopter invented?

4. Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming.

• General: Was penicillin discovered by Alexander Fleming?

• Special: Who discovered penicillin?

5. The dishwasher was designed by Mrs. W. A. Cockran.

• General: Was the dishwasher designed by Mrs. W. A. Cockran?

• Special: Who designed the dishwasher?

6. The first plastic was made in 1855 in England.

• General: Was the first plastic made in 1855 in England?

• Special: Where was the first plastic made?

Краткое объяснение грамматики

Важно запомнить:

• Invented — изобрёл, был изобретён.

• Discovered — открыл, был открыт.

• Designed — спроектировал, был спроектирован.

• Made — изготовил, был изготовлен.

Таким образом, в первом задании используется Past Simple Passive, во втором предложения преобразуются в Past Simple Active, а в третьем составляются общие и специальные вопросы.