1. Compare the direct speech in exercise 2 on page 82 and the reported speech in the text. How does the tense change? Complete the table and the rules. Direct speech: present simple, present continuous, present perfect. Reported speech: past simple, will.

In reported speech, the tense usually changes one step back when the reporting verb is in the past.

Rules:

1. Present tenses change into past tenses:

   • present simple → past simple

   • present continuous → past continuous

   • present perfect → past perfect

2. Past simple usually changes into past perfect.

3. Will changes into would.

For example:

• “I play tennis.” → He said that he played tennis.

• “I am doing my homework.” → She said that she was doing her homework.

• “I have finished the task.” → He said that he had finished the task.

• “I saw the film.” → She said that she had seen the film.

• “I will call you.” → He said that he would call me.