1. What is programming?

2. What is the essence of programming?

3. What should be done with the problem before processing by the computer?

4. What is a program?

5. What are instructions?

6. What are the main techniques for planning the program logic?

7. What is a flowchart?

8. What is a template and what is it used for?

9. What do you understand by “pseudocode”?

10. What are the basic structures of pseudocode?

What is programming?
Programming is the process of preparing a set of coded instructions that enable a computer to solve specific problems or perform specific functions. It involves encoding a program for the computer using algorithms.

What is the essence of programming?
The essence of programming is the encoding of a program for the computer through algorithms. This means transforming a problem, which is often expressed in mathematical terms (such as equations and calculations), into a form that the computer can understand and process.

What should be done with the problem before processing by the computer?
Before processing by the computer, the problem must be specially processed to ensure that the computer can understand it. This means it must be coded or programmed into a format that the computer can manipulate.

What is a program?
A program is a set of instructions written for the computer, which the control unit of the central processing unit (CPU) will follow. These instructions are carefully structured to ensure the correct execution of tasks and functions.

What are instructions?
Instructions are commands within a program that direct the computer's CPU on what operations to perform. These instructions must be complete and follow a specific sequence to avoid errors and ensure correct results.

What are the main techniques for planning the program logic?
The two main techniques for planning the logic of a program are flowcharting and pseudocode. Flowcharting uses graphical representations, while pseudocode uses a program-like structure without strict programming rules.

What is a flowchart?
A flowchart is a plan for program logic that uses predefined symbols to illustrate the steps to be followed by the computer. These symbols represent various operations, and the flowchart visually displays the sequence of operations in the program.

What is a template and what is it used for?
A template is a plastic or metal guide used to make drawing the predefined symbols for a flowchart easier. It helps maintain consistency and accuracy when illustrating the program's logic in the flowchart.

What do you understand by “pseudocode”?
Pseudocode is a simplified, informal representation of actual program instructions. It mimics the structure of a program but doesn't follow strict programming rules, making it easier and less time-consuming for programmers to use when planning the logic of a program.

What are the basic structures of pseudocode?
The basic structures of pseudocode are: