1. Mother: "What have you been doing all day?" (Your mother asked you this yesterday.) My mother wanted to know what I was doing all day. My mother wanted to know what I had been doing all day. My mother wanted to know what I have been doing all day. 2. Jennifer: "I’m flying back to Japan tomorrow." (Jennifer told you this last week.) Jennifer told me that she was flying back to Japan the next day. Jennifer told me that she’s flying back to Japan tomorrow. 3. You: "Who’s taken my pencil?" (You said this in class yesterday, and report it to your friend today.) I wanted to know who took my pencil. I wanted to know who had taken my pencil. 4. Maria: "Have you seen Filip?" (Maria asked you this question yesterday.) Maria wanted to know if I saw Filip. Maria wanted to know if I had seen Filip. 5. Alex: "What you you buy if you won €10,000?" (He asked you last week.) Alex asked me what I would buy if I won €10,000. Alex asked me what I would have bought if I had won €10,000. 6. Frank: "I promise not to fall asleep next lesson." (You heard Frank say this to the teacher in class two days ago.) Frank promised not to fall asleep next lesson. Frank promised not to fall asleep the next lesson. 7. John: "I’m 37." (You don’t believe him.) He said he was 37, but he looks much older. He said he’s 37, but he looks much older. 8. Filip: "I saw her in the cafeteria an hour ago." (Filip told you this 15 minutes ago, and you now report it to the teacher.) Filip said that he’s seen her in the cafeteria an hour ago. Filip said that he saw her in the cafeteria an hour ago. Filip said that he’d seen her in the cafeteria an hour before. 9. Alexandra: "Sorry. I can’t play tennis. I’m too busy" (She said this last week.) Alexandra said that she had been too busy and couldn’t play tennis. Alexandra said that she was too busy and couldn’t play tennis. 10. Prime minister in a TV broadcast: "Unemployment has fallen." (You simply report what you heard. You neither want to imply that you believe the information nor that you disbelieve it.) The Prime Minister said that unemployment had fallen. The Prime Minister said that unemployment has fallen. 11. Kevin: "I come to school by bus." (Kevin is in your class and you believe what he says.) Kevin said he comes to school by bus. Kevin said he came to school by bus. 12. Teacher: "Come here please." (The teacher says this to you in the classroom. You report it to your friend in the playground.) The teacher told me to come here. The teacher told me to go to him. 13. Mary: "John’s not very well!" (Two hours after Mary tells you this, you see John jogging in the park.) Mary said you don’t feel well, so how come you’re out running? Mary said you didn’t feel well, so how come you’re out running? 14. Jose: "Who’s going to the party on Friday?" (Jose asked this question on Tuesday in the week of the party. You reported the question the same day.) Jose asked me who was going to the party that Friday. Jose asked me who is going to the party this Friday. 15. Sally: "I don’t eat chocolate." (Sally tells you this at 10.15. Twenty minutes later you see her eating a chocolate bar.) You just told me that you don’t eat chocolate! You just told me that you didn’t eat chocolate.

В каждом примере нужно выбрать правильный вариант косвенной речи (reported speech). Главное правило: если глагол в главном предложении стоит в прошедшем времени (said, told, asked, wanted to know), то часто происходит сдвиг времени назад (backshift). Но иногда время сохраняется, если информация всё ещё актуальна или говорящий не хочет выражать отношение к правдивости информации.

Разберём каждый пункт.

1. Mother: "What have you been doing all day?"

Правильный вариант:

✅ My mother wanted to know what I had been doing all day.

Объяснение:
Прямой вопрос содержит Present Perfect Continuous (have been doing). При пересказе в прошлом он обычно меняется на Past Perfect Continuous (had been doing).

❌ what I was doing all day — это Past Continuous, но оно не передаёт длительность действия до момента вопроса.

❌ what I have been doing — время не изменилось, хотя глагол wanted стоит в прошлом.

2. Jennifer: "I’m flying back to Japan tomorrow."

Правильный вариант:

✅ Jennifer told me that she was flying back to Japan the next day.

Объяснение:
am flying → was flying (сдвиг времени).
tomorrow → the next day при пересказе в прошлом.

❌ she’s flying back to Japan tomorrow — это подходит только если мы говорим сейчас и всё ещё считаем информацию актуальной.

3. You: "Who’s taken my pencil?"

Правильный вариант:

✅ I wanted to know who had taken my pencil.

Объяснение:
has taken → had taken.

❌ who took my pencil — возможно в некоторых ситуациях, но хуже подходит, потому что оригинал использовал Present Perfect (кто взял и результат важен сейчас).

4. Maria: "Have you seen Filip?"

Правильный вариант:

✅ Maria wanted to know if I had seen Filip.

Объяснение:
Have you seen → had seen.

❌ if I saw Filip — это Past Simple, оно не передаёт значение Present Perfect.

5. Alex: "What would you buy if you won €10,000?"

Правильный вариант:

✅ Alex asked me what I would buy if I won €10,000.

Объяснение:
Это второй тип условных предложений (Second Conditional). При пересказе структура обычно сохраняется:

would buy + if + Past Simple.

❌ what I would have bought if I had won — это третий тип условного предложения, который говорит о нереальной ситуации в прошлом.

6. Frank: "I promise not to fall asleep next lesson."

Правильный вариант:

✅ Frank promised not to fall asleep the next lesson.

Объяснение:
После пересказа в прошлом next lesson превращается в the next lesson.

❌ next lesson звучит так, будто мы всё ещё находимся в том же времени.

7. John: "I’m 37."

Правильный вариант:

✅ He said he was 37, but he looks much older.

Объяснение:
Мы не верим словам Джона, поэтому используем обычный сдвиг времени:

am → was.

❌ he’s 37 возможно только если мы считаем эту информацию актуальной и верим ей.

8. Filip: "I saw her in the cafeteria an hour ago."

Правильный вариант:

✅ Filip said that he’d seen her in the cafeteria an hour before.

Объяснение:
Так как Филип сказал это 15 минут назад, а мы пересказываем позже, Past Simple (saw) становится Past Perfect (had seen).

Также:
an hour ago → an hour before.

9. Alexandra: "Sorry. I can’t play tennis. I’m too busy."

Правильный вариант:

✅ Alexandra said that she was too busy and couldn’t play tennis.

Объяснение:
I’m → she was
can’t → couldn’t.

❌ had been too busy означает, что она была занята до какого-то момента в прошлом, но сейчас уже нет.

10. Prime minister: "Unemployment has fallen."

Правильный вариант:

✅ The Prime Minister said that unemployment had fallen.

Объяснение:
При обычном пересказе новостей используется сдвиг:

has fallen → had fallen.

❌ has fallen возможно, если говорящий показывает, что считает это утверждение всё ещё актуальным и подтверждает его.

11. Kevin: "I come to school by bus."

Правильный вариант:

✅ Kevin said he comes to school by bus.

Объяснение:
Это постоянный факт (его обычный способ добираться до школы). Если факт всё ещё верен, время можно не менять.

❌ he came to school by bus звучит так, будто речь только об одном конкретном случае в прошлом.

12. Teacher: "Come here please."

Правильный вариант:

✅ The teacher told me to go to him.

Объяснение:
При пересказе команды меняется направление:

come here → go to him.

❌ told me to come here — подходит только если мы всё ещё находимся в том же месте, где учитель дал указание.

13. Mary: "John’s not very well!"

Правильный вариант:

✅ Mary said you didn’t feel well, so how come you’re out running?

Объяснение:
Когда мы обращаемся к Джону напрямую, мы переводим косвенную речь обратно в прямую:

John’s not very well → you didn’t feel well.

❌ you don’t feel well возможно только если состояние всё ещё продолжается.

14. Jose: "Who’s going to the party on Friday?"

Вопрос обрывается, поэтому полного предложения нет. Если пересказывать такой вопрос в прошлом, структура будет:

✅ Jose wanted to know who was going to the party on Friday.

Объяснение:
is going → was going при сдвиге времени.

Итоговые правильные ответы:

1. had been doing

2. was flying / the next day

3. had taken

4. had seen

5. would buy if I won

6. the next lesson

7. was 37

8. had seen / an hour before

9. was too busy and couldn’t play

10. had fallen

11. comes to school by bus

12. go to him

13. didn’t feel well

14. was going to the party